网上有关“股票和债券的异同点有哪些呢英语翻译”话题很是火热，小编也是针对股票和债券的异同点有哪些呢英语翻译寻找了一些与之相关的一些信息进行分析，如果能碰巧解决你现在面临的问题，希望能够帮助到您。

...和将它们除以「流动负债」（current liabilities）。「速动比率」（quick ratio）可以计算如下：

速动比率 =（流动资产 - 存货）/总流动负债

Quick Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory)/Total Current Liabilities

现金、股票和债券，以及应收账款都被包含在「速动资产」（quick assets）之内，这可用来检测一个企业在发生不利的情况下能否偿付负债。

（3）「营运资本」（working capital）

营运资本应为正数。贷款人常以它来评估一间公司应付艰难时期的变现能力。在通常情况下，贷款协议会规定借款人必须将营运资本保持在若干水平。「流动比率」（current ratio）、「速动比率」和「营运资本」全为衡量公司的流动性。在一般情况下，企业的这些比率是越高，它的流动性就越好。下面是「营运资本」的公式：

营运资本 = 总流动资产 - 总流动负债

Working Capital = Total Current Assets - Total Current Liabilities

（4）「负债/净值比率」（debt/worth ratio）

一个企业的偿债能力可以通过「负债/净值比率」和「杠杆比率」（leverage ratio），来衡量其对债务融资或借贷的依赖，与「东主权益」（owner's equity）相比。这是计算「负债/净值比率」的公式：

负债/净值比率 = 总负债/净值

Debt/Worth Ratio = Total Liabilities/Net Worth

~~~~~~~~~纯人手翻译，欢迎采纳~~~~~~~~~

原文如下：

...and divides them by current liabilities. The quick ratio can be computed as follows:

Quick Ratio = (Current Assets - Inventory)/Total Current Liabilities

Cash, stocks and bonds, and accounts receivable are included in the "quick assets", which can test whether or not a business can meet its obligations if adverse conditions occur.

(3) Working Capital

Working capital should always be a positive number. It is used by lenders to evaluate a company's ability to weather hard times. Often, loan agreements specify a level of working capital that the borrower must maintain. The current ratio, quick ratio and working capital are all measures of a company's liquidity. In general, the higher these ratio are, the better for the business and the higher degree of liquidity. Here is the formula for working capital:

Working Capital = Total Current Assets - Total Current Liabilities

(4) Debt/Worth Ratio

A business' solvency can be indicated by the debt/worth ratio or leverage ratio which can measure the dependency of a company on debt financing or borrowings as compared to owner's equity. Here is the formula to compute the debt/worth ratio:

Debt/Worth Ratio = Total Liabilities/Net Worth

股票这个汉语的说法，最早是在哪里提出来的，为什么用这两个字？

呃，再短的我也找不到……浪漫的话很难三言两语说完的，凑活一下，自己缩一缩吧

The Romance of a Busy Broker证券经纪人的浪漫故事

Pitcher, confidential clerk in the office of Harvey Maxwell, broker, allowed a look of mild interest and surprise to visit his usually expressionless countenance when his employer briskly entered at half past nine in company with his young lady stenographer. With a snappy Good-morning, Pitcher, Maxwell dashed at his desk as though he were intending to leap over it, and then plunged into the great heap of letters and telegrams waiting there for him.

The young lady had been Maxwell's stenographer for a year. She was beautiful in a way that was decidedly unstenographic. She forewent the pomp of the alluring pompadour. She wore no chains, bracelets or lockets. She had not the air of being about to accept an invitation to luncheon. Her dress was grey and plain, but it fitted her figure with fidelity and discretion. In her neat black turban hat was the gold-green wing of a macaw. On this morning she was softly and shyly radiant. Her eyes were dreamily bright, her cheeks genuine peachblow, her expression a happy one, tinged with reminiscence.

Pitcher, still mildly curious, noticed a difference in her ways this morning. Instead of going straight into the adjoining room, where her desk was, she lingered, slightly irresolute, in the outer office. Once she moved over by Maxwell's desk, near enough for him to be aware of her presence.

The machine sitting at that desk was no longer a man; it was a busy New York broker, moved by buzzing wheels and uncoiling springs.

Well--what is it Anything asked Maxwell sharply. His opened mail lay like a bank of stage snow on his crowded desk. His keen grey eye, impersonal and brusque, flashed upon her half impatiently.

Nothing, answered the stenographer, moving away with a little smile.

Mr. Pitcher, she said to the confidential clerk, did Mr. Maxwell say anything yesterday about engaging another stenographer

He did, answered Pitcher. He told me to get another one. I notified the agency yesterday afternoon to send over a few samples this morning. It's 9.45 o'clock, and not a single picture hat or piece of pineapple chewing gum has showed up yet.

I will do the work as usual, then, said the young lady, until some one comes to fill the place. And she went to her desk at once and hung the black turban hat with the gold-green macaw wing in its accustomed place.

He who has been denied the spectacle of a busy Manhattan broker during a rush of business is handicapped for the profession of anthropology. The poet sings of the crowded hour of glorious life. The broker's hour is not only crowded, but the minutes and seconds are hanging to all the straps and packing both front and rear platforms.

And this day was Harvey Maxwell's busy day. The ticker began to reel out jerkily its fitful coils of tape, the desk telephone had a chronic attack of buzzing. Men began to throng into the office and call at him over the railing, jovially, sharply, viciously, excitedly. Messenger boys ran in and out with messages and telegrams. The clerks in the office jumped about like sailors during a storm. Even Pitcher's face relaxed into something resembling animation.

On the Exchange there were hurricanes and landslides and snowstorms and glaciers and volcanoes, and those elemental disturbances were reproduced in miniature in the broker's offices. Maxwell shoved his chair against the wall and transacted business after the manner of a toe dancer. He jumped from ticker to 'phone, from desk to door with the trained agility of a harlequin.

In the midst of this growing and important stress the broker became suddenly aware of a high-rolled fringe of golden hair under a nodding canopy of velvet and ostrich tips, an imitation sealskin sacque and a string of beads as large as hickory nuts, ending near the floor with a silver heart. There was a self-possessed young lady connected with these accessories; and Pitcher was there to construe her.

Lady from the Stenographer's Agency to see about the position, said Pitcher.

Maxwell turned half around, with his hands full of papers and ticker tape.

What position he asked, with a frown.

Position of stenographer, said Pitcher. You told me yesterday to call them up and have one sent over this morning.

You are losing your mind, Pitcher, said Maxwell. Why should I have given you any such instructions Miss Leslie has given perfect satisfaction during the year she has been here. The place is hers as long as she chooses to retain it. There's no place open here, madam. Countermand that order with the agency, Pitcher, and don't bring any more of 'em in here.

The silver heart left the office, swinging and banging itself independently against the office furniture as it indignantly departed. Pitcher seized a moment to remark to the bookkeeper that the old man seemed to get more absent-minded and forgetful every day of the world.

The rush and pace of business grew fiercer and faster. On the floor they were pounding half a dozen stocks in which Maxwell's customers were heavy investors. Orders to buy and sell were coming and going as swift as the flight of swallows. Some of his own holdings were imperilled, and the man was working like some high-geared, delicate, strong machine--strung to full tension, going at full speed, accurate, never hesitating, with the proper word and decision and act ready and prompt as clockwork. Stocks and bonds, loans and mortgages, margins and securities--here was a world of finance, and there was no room in it for the human world or the world of nature.

When the luncheon hour drew near there came a slight lull in the uproar.

Maxwell stood by his desk with his hands full of telegrams and memoranda, with a fountain pen over his right ear and his hair hanging in disorderly strings over his forehead. His window was open, for the beloved janitress Spring had turned on a little warmth through the waking registers of the earth.

And through the window came a wandering--perhaps a lost--odour--a delicate, sweet odour of lilac that fixed the broker for a moment immovable. For this odour belonged to Miss Leslie; it was her own, and hers only.

The odour brought her vividly, almost tangibly before him. The world of finance dwindled suddenly to a speck. And she was in the next room--twenty steps away.

By George, I'll do it now, said Maxwell, half aloud. I'll ask her now. I wonder I didn't do it long ago.

He dashed into the inner office with the haste of a short trying to cover. He charged upon the desk of the stenographer.

She looked up at him with a smile. A soft pink crept over her cheek, and her eyes were kind and frank. Maxwell leaned one elbow on her desk. He still clutched fluttering papers with both hands and the pen was above his ear.

Miss Leslie, he began hurriedly, I have but a moment to spare. I want to say something in that moment. Will you he my wife I haven't had time to make love to you in the ordinary way, but I really do love you. Talk quick, please--those fellows are clubbing the stuffing out of Union Pacific.

Oh, what are you talking about exclaimed the young lady. She rose to her feet and gazed upon him, round-eyed.

Don't you understand said Maxwell, restively. I want you to marry me. I love you, Miss Leslie. I wanted to tell you, and I snatched a minute when things had slackened up a bit. They're calling me for the 'phone now. Tell 'em to wait a minute, Pitcher. Won't you, Miss Leslie

The stenographer acted very queerly. At first she seemed overcome with amazement; then tears flowed from her wondering eyes; and then she smiled sunnily through them, and one of her arms slid tenderly about the broker's neck.

I know now, she said, softly. It's this old business that has driven everything else out of your head for the time. I was frightened at first. Don't you remember, Harvey We were married last evening at 8 o'clock in the Little Church Around the Corner.

证券经纪人哈维·马克斯韦尔于九点半在年轻女速记员陪同下步履轻快地来到办公室。机要秘书皮彻那通常毫无表情的面孔不禁露出一丝好奇和诧异。马克斯韦尔只随口道了声“早上好”，便径直奔向办公桌，匆忙得好像想一步跨过桌面，随后就一头扎进一大堆等着他处理的信件和电报。

年轻女郎给马克斯韦尔当速记员已经有一年。她异常秀美动人，绝非速记员草草几笔所能简单描述。她不愿采用华丽诱人的庞巴杜式发型，不戴项链、手镯或鸡心。她脸上没有随时准备受邀外出进餐的神气。她的灰色衣服素净朴实，但却生动勾勒出她的身材而不失典雅。她那顶精巧的黑色无边帽上插了根艳绿色金刚鹦鹉毛。今天早上，她春风飘逸，温柔而羞涩。她的眼睛流波瞑瞑，双颊桃红妖娆，满面乐融，又略带一丝回味。

好奇之余，皮彻发现今天她的举止也有点儿异样。她没有直接到放有她办公桌的里间办公室去，而是滞留在外间办公室，有点儿拿不定主意似的。她慢慢蹭到马克斯韦尔桌边，离他很近，足以让他意识到她的存在。

坐在办公桌前的他已经不再是个常人，而是一个繁忙的纽约证券经纪人，一架完全受嗡嗡作响的轮子和张开的弹簧所驱动的机器。

“嘿，怎么啦？有事？”马克斯韦尔问，语气尖刻。那些拆开的邮件堆了满满一桌，就像演戏用的假雪。他那锐利的灰蓝色眼睛，毫无人情味儿，严厉粗暴，不耐烦地盯着她。

“没什么，”速记员回答说，然后微笑着走开了。

“皮彻先生，”她问机要秘书，“马克斯韦尔先生昨天提没提过另外雇一名速记员的事？”

“提过，”皮彻说。“他吩咐我另外找一个。昨天下午我已通知职业介绍所，让他们今天上午送几个来面试。现在已经九点四十五了，可还没有哪个戴阔边帽或嚼波萝口香糖的人露面哩。”

“那我还是照常工作好啦，”年轻女郎说，“等有人替补再说。”说完她马上走到自己的办公桌边，在老地方挂起那顶插有金刚鹦鹉毛的黑色无边帽。

谁无缘目睹曼哈顿经纪人在生意高峰时刻那股紧张劲儿，谁搞人类学研究就有极大缺陷。有诗人赞颂“绚丽生活中的拥挤时辰”。证券经纪人不仅时辰拥挤，他的分分秒秒都是挤得满满当当的，像是前后站台都挤满乘客的车厢里的拉手吊带，每根都被拉得紧绷绷的。

今天又正是哈维·马克斯韦尔的大忙天。行情收录器的滚轴开始瑟瑟卷动，忽停忽动地吐出卷纸，桌上的电话像害了慢性病似的响个不停。人们开始涌入办公室，隔着扶手栏杆朝他大喊大叫，有的欣喜若狂，有的横眉竖眼，有的恶意满怀，有的激动不已。信童拿着信件和电报跑进跑出。办公室的职员们忙得跳来跳去，就像与风暴搏斗的水手。连皮彻的脸也舒张开来，显得生机勃勃。

证券交易所里风云变幻，飓风、山崩、雪暴、冰川、火山瞬息交替；这些自然力的剧动以微观形式在经纪人办公室中再现。马克斯韦尔把椅子掀到墙边，如踢跶舞演员般敏捷地处理业务，时而从自动收录器跳向电话，时而从桌前跳到门口，其灵活不亚于受过专门训练的滑稽丑角。

经纪人全神致力于这堆越来越多但又十分重要的事务之中，这时他突然注意到一头高高卷起的金发，上面是顶微微抖动的鹅绒帽和鸵毛羽饰；一件人造海豹皮短大衣，一串大如山核桃的珠子垂近地板，尾端还吊了一个银鸡心。这一大套装饰物与一个沉着镇定的年轻女子相关联。皮彻正准备引荐她，替她作解释。

“这位**从速记员介绍所来，说招聘的事。”

马克斯韦尔侧过身子，手上捏了一把文件和行情纸带。

“招聘什么？”他皱起眉头问。

“速记员，”皮彻说。“昨天你叫我打电话，让他们今天上午送一个过来。”

“你搞糊涂了吧？”马克斯韦尔说。“我干吗给你下这个命令？莱丝丽这一年工作表现十全十美。只要她愿意，这份工作就是她的。**，这儿没有空缺。皮彻，通知事务所，取消要人申请，叫他们别再送人过来。”

银鸡心离开了办公室。一路上她愤愤不平，大摇大摆，把桌椅沙发碰得乒乒乓乓。皮彻忙中偷闲给簿记员说，“老太爷”一天比一天心不在焉，多事健忘。

业务处理越来越紧张，节奏越来越快。在交易所马克斯韦尔的顾客投资巨额的六七种股票正在暴跌。收进和抛出的单据来来去去，疾如燕飞。有些他本人持有的股票也处于危险之中。经纪人工作起来就像一架高速运转、精密复杂、强壮有力的机器——绷紧到最大限度，运转至最快速度，精确无误，坚决果断，措词贴切而决策恰当，行动时机的选择如时钟般准确无误。股票，证券，贷款，抵押，保证金，债券——这是一个金融世界，人际感情或自然本性在这里毫无落脚之地。

午餐时间逐渐临近，喧嚣之中慢慢出现片刻暂息。

马克斯韦尔站在办公桌边，手上捏满了电报和备忘录，右耳上夹了支钢笔，几撮头发零乱地披在脑门上。窗户敞开着，因为亲爱的女门房——春——已经打开苏醒大地的暖气管，送来一丝暖意。

通过窗户飘来一丝悠悠——也许是失散——的香气。这是紫丁香幽微、甜美的芳菲。刹那间，经纪人给怔住了。因为这香气属于莱丝丽**；

这是她本人的气息，她独有的气息。

芳香在他心中唤出她的容貌，栩栩如生，几乎伸手可及。

金融世界转瞬间缩成一点。而她就在隔壁房间，仅二十步之遥。

“天哪，我现在就得去，”马克斯韦尔压低嗓子说。“我现在就去跟她说。怎么我没早点儿想起？”

他箭步冲进里间办公室，像个卖空头的人急于补足那样急不可耐。他对直冲向速记员的办公桌。

她抬起头，笑盈盈地看着他，服上泛出淡淡红晕，眼睛里闪动着温柔和坦率。马克斯韦尔一支胳膊撑在桌上，手上依然握满了文件，耳朵上还夹着那支钢笔。

“莱丝丽**，”他仓仓促促地说，“我只能呆一小会儿，趁这个时候给你说件事。你愿意做我的妻子吗？我没时间以常人的方式向你求爱，但我确确实实爱你。请快回答我。那些人又在抢购太平洋联合公司的股票罗。”

“喔，你在说什么呀？”年轻女郎惊诧不已。她站起身，直愣愣地看着他，眼睛瞪得圆圆的。

“你不懂？”马克斯韦尔倔头倔脑地说。“我要你嫁给我。我爱你，莱丝丽**。我早就想告诉你，手头的事情稍微松些后，我才瞅空过来。又有人在打电话找我。皮彻，叫他们等一下。答应我吗，莱丝丽**？”

速记员的神态叫人莫名其妙。起初，她好像惊愕万分；继而，泪水又涌出她迷惘的眼睛；其后，泪眼又发出欢笑的光芒；最后，她又柔情地搂住经纪人的脖子。

“现在我懂了，”她亲切地说。“是这生意让你忘记了一切。刚才我还吓了一大跳。哈维，不记得了吗？昨天晚上八点，我们已经在街上拐角处的小教堂结过婚了。”

请翻译一句话，谢谢！

股票的由来：众所周知，资本主义萌芽最早出现在荷兰。由于贸易的发展，荷兰人在17世纪中期，就开始动脑筋想：做生意一定要冒风险，但谁做生意的时候，也不愿意把家产全搭进去，于是就出现了股份制。大家都拿一点钱，而责任就仅仅限于拿出的这点钱，如果亏了，就亏掉这部分钱，自己家的房子、粮食、酱油、醋的钱都还有，不影响家庭和个人生活。这是荷兰人的聪明才智，也是有限股份公司的雏形。这之后，为了一些公司的转让或者继续发展，就创造了凭证，就是股票，这就是股票的由来。而迁徙美洲新大陆的荷兰人便把有限股份责任公司和股票自然而然带到了华尔街。在18世纪中叶，美国实际上有四个区域性的金融中心。四个区域中心里面，一开始都没有股票交易所，实际上是大家坐在咖啡馆里交易股票，甚至在树底下，大家围成一个圈，互相了解怎么转让股权，还有所谓的在街边台阶上，大家站着互相交流。1817年的一纸协议宣布纽约交易所诞生，这个阶段中，交易所仍然没有摆脱私人俱乐部的形式。新的会员要加入，只要3个老会员反对，新会员就不能得到批准，可见它的封闭性和自我保护性，这样，相当长的一段时间，纽约交易所的交易量比场外交易少许多，尽管这是一个逐渐发展的过程。华尔街从萌芽到最终确立了金融中心的地位，有一些里程碑式的标志，一是先进的华尔街文化形成，二是迅速改善的执业环境，三是以摩根为代表的一些新型的华尔街银行家的出现。这3个主要因素巩固了华尔街在美国的金融中心地位。同时快速向世界金融中心靠拢，并最终在世界大战后超过当时的伦敦成为世界金融中心。对交易所而言，有几个重要的内容不容忽视：一是1896年的时候，道琼斯指数的诞生。第一天是40个点。后面资本市场的标准化和不断改善跟标准化指数的推出联系密切。二是同年是在纽约州率先立法通过注册会计法案，就是上市公司一定要用注册会计师通过财务审计。这个时期交易所的交易量终于超过了场外交易，原因有两个，一是专业化造成了职业经纪人的出现。第二是规范化，在财务上需要注册会计师，并且要符合公认的注册会计制度。最重要的是美国的主流经济蒸蒸日上，实体经济在背后支持交易所的发展。交易所发展的最重要阶段是《证券交易法案》的出台。《证券交易法案》有3个非常重要的内容：一是以前的交易所是私人俱乐部，具有行业自我保护性质。它的代表性行为是一口价佣金。《证券交易法案》明确了交易所除了私人俱乐部性质之外，同时还要为公众服务。二是打击投机，保护投资人利益。以前纽约交易所的会员本身是“球员”，却还吹哨，《证券交易法案》规定，交易所要考虑到公众的利益，不能同时担负市场监控和参与的双重角色。交易所里面和交易所的成员不能操纵市场，不能对倒。三是为经纪人的定位做了相当详细的规定。这个时期，交易所和SEC（联邦证券交易委员会）的关系也日益明朗，什么情况下，上市公司或其他市场行为会引起交易所和SEC的“重视”呢？一般有3种情况：小股东中有人举报，交易所需要法律执行委员会做这些调查，公司一旦被正式立案调查说明你确实有问题了。第二，除了有立案调查之外，还有一些警告，再向上一级作出说明，罚款，最后交易所自己有权可以给他摘牌。第三，既没有SEC也没有公众舆论的举报，交易所会发现交易量不正常，或者是暴跌，这都会引起交易所的警觉。1971年，纳斯达克成立，这是市场需要的必然结果。当时，纽交所因为垄断地位而产生了僵化，比如说9∶30开盘，中间还有休息时间，然后4∶00就收市了。随着经济的日益发展，特别是全球性的交易，9∶30之前的交易就没办法实施，4∶00之后的交易也没办法实施了。在这种情况下，一个公平、公开和鼓励竞争的新型市场就顺应而生。纳斯达克本身是因为市场的需要而成立，服务至上是其核心，倡导公开竞争。只有公开竞争才能速度快、成本低、流动性好。1992年以来，纳斯达克占据了美国82%的IPO市场份额。1998年，纳斯达克交易量（年均）超过纽交所。多年来，纳斯达克已经发展成为了一个成熟的综合性证券市场。目前的3300多家上市公司汇聚了各行各业的领先企业，其中科技类公司占到了30%，另外金融类公司有700多家，占21%，位于第二位。其他还有众多的医疗卫生、工业、消费类行业公司等等。

新债申购与新股有啥不同，收益多少？

哥来了~~

发行、取消及持有库藏股票，授予未发行的公司股票期权及库藏股份，发行可转化为股票的有价证券，以及向与我们自有资产分配有关的任何人提供财政援助

公司法里面的：

Legal capacity and powers of a company

公司的法定资格（法律能力）以及权利能力

(1)[Legal capacity of individual and body corporate]

个体以及法人团体的法定能力

A company has the legal capacity and powers of an individual both in and outside this jurisdiction. A company also has all the powers of a body corporate, including the power to:

公司在司法管辖权内外均具有法定能力及权利。公司同时具有法人团体的各项权利，包括下：

(a)issue and cancel shares in the company;

发行和取消公司股票

(b)issue debentures ；

发行信用债券

(c)grant options over unissued shares in the company;

授予未发行的公司股票期权

(d)distribute any of the company's property among the members, in kind or otherwise;

在公司成员中以实物或其他形式分配任何的公司资产

新债申购一般是指申购上市公司发行的可转债或可交换债。可转债全称为可转换公司债券，与其它债券一样，可转债也有规定的利率和期限，但和一般债券区分的一点是，可转债可以在特定的条件下转换为股票。不转换，可转债单纯看作债券具有纯债价值或直接价值。如直接转换为股票，可转债的价值称为转换价值。

新股申购是为获取股票一级市场、二级市场间风险极低的差价收益，不参与二级市场炒作，不仅本金非常安全，收益也相对稳定，是稳健投资者理想投资选择。新股申购是股市中风险最低且收益稳定的一种投资方式。新股发行是指首次公开发行股票(英文翻译成Initial Public Offerings，简称IPO)，是指企业通过证券交易所首次公开向投资者发行股票,以期募集用于企业发展的资金的过程。

温馨提示：

1、以上信息仅供参考，不作任何建议；

2、入市有风险，投资需谨慎。您在做任何投资之前，应确保自己完全明白该产品的投资性质和所涉及的风险，详细了解和谨慎评估产品后，再自身判断是否参与交易。

应答时间：2022-01-12，最新业务变化请以平安银行官网公布为准。

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